In November 1995, while an overwhelming international outcry mounted against the execution of the Ogoni leader, Ken Saro-Wiwa and his colleagues, defiant military dictator, Sani Abacha, backed by a small band of military officers, convinced themselves that executing them, swiftly, was the best way to resolve the Ogoni unrest “once and for all”, and to make it clear to Nigerians and the world the authoritarian regime was no weakling.
A recording of the final meeting, where the decision to hang Mr. Saro-Wiwa and eight of his associates was taken, said, two days before the execution, Mr. Abacha told members of the Provisional Ruling Council, PRC, the regime’s highest decision making body, that the activists deserved no sympathy, and that hanging them would stem further discontent and prove to the world the regime was bold and courageous.“He was of the view that no sympathy should be shown on the convicts so that the sentence will be a lesson to everybody. He stated that the Ogoni issue had lingered on for a very long time and should be addressed once and for all,” Mr. Abacha was quoted in the document now available exclusively to PREMIUM TIMES.
We obtained the memo from highly placed sources familiar with the proceedings and who requested not to be named so the Nigerian government does not hound them. We took further measures to ensure the documents are authentic including checking with other sources knowledgeable about the matter.
The former head of state said Mr. Saro-Wiwa was a foreign agent used to destabilize Nigeria, and a “separatist” who cloaked himself as an environmental activist, but whose true intention was to split the country and subvert its authority.
Members of the PRC at the time were Mr. Abacha; Maj. General Patrick Aziza (Minister of Communications under Abacha); Major Gen. Tajudeen Olarenwaju (GOC); General Abdulsalami Abubakar (Chief of Defence Staff); Lt. General Oladipo Diya (Chief of General Staff); Maj. Gen. Victor Malu (GOC); Ibrahim Coomasie (Inspector General of Police); Mike Akhigbe (Chief of Naval Staff); Maj. General Ishaya Bamaiyi (Chief of Army Staff); Nsikak Eduok (Chief of Air Staff); Lt. Gen. Jeremiah Useni (Minister of the Federal Capital Territory) and Michael Agbamuche (Attorney General of the Federation and Minister of Justice).
Mr. Saro-Wiwa, a respected writer, activist and environmental campaigner, had been sentenced to death by a military tribunal set up by the regime. He was accused of masterminding the killings of four prominent Ogoni leaders – charges he forcefully denied.
The charges were widely viewed as framed to silence Mr. Saro-Wiwa’s campaign against the exploitation and degradation of the Ogoni land by international oil majors, especially Shell.
But while a global campaign to block the implementation of the tribunal’s verdict intensified, the regime, on November 10, 1995, two days after its meeting, staged a fast-tracked execution of the ruling, with a gruesome hanging of the nine leaders.
Others killed were Saturday Dobee, Nordu Eawo, Daniel Gbooko, Paul Levera, Felix Nuate, Baribor Bera, Barinem Kiobel, and John Kpuine.
The condemnations
The killings sparked international outrage. While the European Union and the United States placed economic embargo and other restrictions on the country, the Commonwealth promptly suspended the country from its fold.
Shell, at the centre of the unrest, was accused of complicity in the killings, with allegations it sponsored the military junta’s onslaught on Ogoniland.
The company denied the allegations despite testimonies stating otherwise, and a $15.5 million out-of-court settlement it agreed in favour of the families of the victims in 2009. Shell said the payment was not a concession of guilt, but a gesture of peace.
The minutes of the military council meeting preceding the executions, a four-page memo, kept secret for years, document the behind-the-scenes moves, at the highest echelons of the Abacha regime’s decision-making organ, as it hurried through with the executions.
The details shed light on how the junta, accused of rights violations and fierce brutality, considered an unprecedented domestic and international calls to suspend the killings.
Besides deciding to forge ahead with the execution, the document states, the PRC offered frantic justification for the killings, planned broad state-sponsored propaganda against the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, MOSOP; considered the proscription of MOSOP; and how to further divide the group’s ranks, and “neutralize” its members.
Mr. Abacha chaired the meeting on November 8, 1995, and led junta officials through a deliberation that sought a speedy implementation of the death verdicts-which was implemented less than 48 hours after the meeting.
Ignoring pressure
While a global campaign pushed for the rulings of the Kangaroo tribunal to be shelved, the minute shows, the 11-member PRC, comprising service chiefs, top military commanders, the Inspector General of Police and the Attorney General of the Federation, never considered backing down.
Instead, junta officials warned that a reversal would portray weakness. They accused the international community of double standards; choosing, for economic reasons, to look the other way when similar state decisions were taken elsewhere.
“The council was advised not to yield to pressure from the West, championed by the United States of America. The council was reminded that the Arab countries visited crimes with measurable punishment for which the West saw nothing wrong because of their economic interest,” the minutes said.
“It was therefore advocated that minimum time be wasted between the council decision its implementation,” it adds.
The junta described Mr. Saro-Wiwa‘s alleged crime as “heinous” and accused the media of attempting to whip up sympathy for him and the other accused.
“It was cautioned that if members soft-pedaled, the administration would be regarded as a weakling,” the document states.
The ‘Ungrateful’ Ogoni’s
With the backing of the council members, Mr. Abacha then declared that “anyone who killed his fellow citizen did not deserve to live”.
Mr. Abacha believed the Ogonis were asking for too much, and were ungrateful for “sizeable federal investment” located in the area- possibly a reference to Onne port and Eleme petrochemicals, both near Port Harcourt.
Despite the extensive considerations, barely did the meeting brook counter-opinion not in line with Mr. Abacha’s.
A suggestion by an unnamed member that in future such trials should be conducted by civil courts not to unnecessarily rile the international community was promptly overruled by Mr. Abacha who spoke of his preference for military tribunal for its speed.
“On whether the military tribunals should be replaced with civil courts, he expressed preference for military tribunals which he said considered and decided cases with dispatch,” the minutes said of Mr. Abacha.
The tribunal that convicted Mr. Saro-Wiwa turned out amongst the most controversial. Headed by Justice Ibrahim Auta, the current Chief Judge of the Federal High Court, the panel delivered a speedy, but severely criticized verdict on October 31, 1995, barely nine months after it was convened.
The panel faced severe criticism for alleged high-handedness, prompting defense lawyers, led by late Gani Fawehinmi, Femi Falana and Olisa Agbakoba, to stand down after accusing the Auta-led tribunal of violating all known judicial ethics and rules.
Mr. Auta, then a mid-career judge, turned down two key requests from the defence team, namely, two weeks of access to Mr. Saro-Wiwa and the rest, (having been denied access to their counsels); and an order transferring the accused from a military cell in Port Harcourt to a civil prison.
Mr. Saro-Wiwa and his colleagues were condemned to death without legal representations.
In years, Mr. Auta has risen to become a Chief Judge while the lead prosecutor, Joseph Daudu, is the immediate past chairman of the Nigerian Bar Association.
Praising Justice Auta, others
As the military brass met that November 8, 1995, the severely-castigated tribunal came up for a decent dose of praise for its “painstaking consideration” of the facts.
Mr. Saro-Wiwa’s campaign dated decades, but peaked in the 1990s as he struggled to draw national and international attention to the deprivations the Ogonis faced while Shell and American firm, Chevron, degraded their land and carted away billions of petrodollars.
Arrested and released repeatedly, the crisis took a fatal twist after four Ogoni leaders – accused of selling out to the government and Shell- were mobbed to death by some youth.
Mr. Saro-Wiwa denied the youth carried out his order; a claim countered by the military government, which, before then, had endured devastating restiveness the activist led to cripple oil production.
In turn, the military was accused of staging the killings as a way of eliminating the activists.
As the Abacha government faced the Saro-Wiwa episode in 1995, it had its hands full with a coup’detat case in which former president, Olusegun Obasanjo, and others were indicted.
Amid international condemnation against the coup indictments, an allegation also viewed as staged to hound opponents, the regime backed down from its initial plan to execute the alleged coup plotters. But it later regretted that compassion, feeling it acted feebly.
The Saro-Wiwa case presented an opportunity to right that wrong and proved a strong point, the document said.
“Council was reminded that the government’s decision on the plotters had sent wrong signals to the generality of Nigerians and that the current case should be used to correct that wrong impression,” the minute said.
That concern turned up repeatedly in the meeting, according to the recordings, with some members appearing to compare the relatively mild response to the alleged plotters to the draconian reaction that trailed the Ogoni’s case.
Mr. Abacha laid that concern to rest as the meeting wound up, declaring that while the Ogonis’ case was a “premeditated murder”, the alleged coup plotters had yet to carry out their plot.
The Ogoni’s have a case
In a brief humane consideration, the council conceded that the trouble in Ogoniland was a result of years of neglect, failure and pent-up anger.
But members also swiftly argued that agitators like Mr. Saro-Wiwa were mischief makers who cashed in on a genuine grievance to seek selfish motives.
“It was therefore not surprising that a few mischievous individuals could exploit the situation for their selfish ends,” minute said. “Council was therefore urged to approve the judgment of the tribunal and ensure its expeditious implementation.”
Read brief facts about Ken Saro-Wiwa’s murder and the Ogoni struggle here.
Download full memo below.
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71 comments:
Only God knows wat abacha is goin thru wherever he is
well...they are both dead now, am sure ken saro wiwa now knows who sent him to the great beyond and of course abacha too had joined him there.they can continue round two fight where they are.
How sad! How sad for memories like this to come up again. The Nigeria of then is a Nigeria we don't wish our children's children to grow up to. Pure impunity of the highest order! Abacha later got a taste of his pill later on too though. May all the souls of Giwa and the rest continue to rest in peace!
What a long story sha;but we all know what the likes of Abacha can do..no human sympathy,no care for his country/people etc.I surely believe God awaits him!!!
What a life!....where is Abacha now...All na Vanity!
May God punish abacha n his grave,his wife,his children and his entire generation 4 d gruesome killings of dz activist..no wonder boko haram sprung up 2 complete d mission abacha started.. God will surely send thunder 2 wipe out all northerners in dz country...post my comment linda
Hmmmmmmmmmm. Was quite young back then. Tnk u Linda for this info now i have more understanding about the conspiracy of the junta. I believe one day Nigeria will be free for real from tonnes of issues that has enslaved us for years.
....@seglon
Only God knows the truth, the same men, stated above still run the country till today! May d Souls of the departed rest in peace!! Such article breaks my heart!
After killing a man who was agitating aginst inequality and deprivation they decided to hang him to death and are saying"no matter what"we should remain unity.If one looks at the time of amalgamation there have been ethnic unrest.Even the political parties,PNP,NCNC etc were setup on ethnic and region basis.David mark and his associates should not represent nigerians in his constitutional review,It is SNC that we want.
Where's the memo? You said you had the execution memo, Not stories.
Abacha was right jare! These Niger Delta people are very very ungrateful! Whether they like it or not, the oil belongs to the whole of Nigeria not just them. They get 21% of profits 4rm oil sales, have NDDC, a whole ministry dedicated to that region, one ND state gets what 19 northern states get BUT nooooo its still not enough, instead 4 them to blame their leaders 4 chopping their money they will blame everyone else! Oya kill us o! Mtchhhewwww! Abeg Abatcha should have wiped out that region and saved us all the stress and wahala! And linda post my comment o!
sorry every region shall reap the injustice they metted to the biafrans.
I miss Abatcha honestly speaking. I will have him any day any time than GEJ, abatcha loved this country, he only travelled out once the whole time he was presisdent. He did not let all these oyinbos use us anyhow. See what he did to British airways when he banned them from coming to Nigeria because they were exploiting us and giving us Visa wahala. Did they not come and start begging? The Naira was stable and there was peace and order. I felt safest when he was president, because you were eliminated once you were a criminal or trouble-maker. That is what we need in this country. Who born Boko haram or all these kidnappers during his time? People dey fear! Now no one has respect for anyone again, politicians r thieves, police are useless, we just leave in the wild west. Only a leader like abatcha can save this country!
General Abacha. Not Mr Abacha. At least show the man some respect. He was once a Head of State of Nigeria. Sigh...
General Abacha. Not Mr Abacha. At least show the man some respect. He was once a Head of State of Nigeria. Sigh...
The story is long sha... What is done is done since they are both dead.
Speechless but i am waiting for General Boko Haram Buhari to come and defend his brother Abacha on this one as he has been doing all along. Patiently waiting. Evil Born-to-rule-and-loot Generals.
GOD will punish ur generation what dat got to do with northerners stupid ass can't u just abusive d person that kill him stupid u son of a bitch
D same Azazi that was part of d council that said Saro-wiwa nd oda activists be executed died in the helicopter crash in bayelsa.Law of Karma!!Hell fire is their zone.awon oloshi!
Our people are still suffering from the same set people, you all forgot is the same set people that killed millions of biafrans children woman civilians just because they asked for their right. Peaceful state where no religious war or it kind will kill anyone. May the soul of saro wiwa and comrade rest in peace as the new generation of freedom fighters rise and. And achieve their aim. It so sad that. Nigerians do not want to hear the truth and the word biafra or anything relating to justice. Simply truth remains confederation is the only way out or massive number two. Will hit the generation. Bloods are crying out there tension is rising. The sun is rising shallom
Why they spAred the coup plotters surprises me till today! Obasannjo would have been history!
Its a pity..its clear u re ignorant nd lack knowledge..y wud God wipe all northerners? Wat has saro-wiwa's case got to do wif boko haram? U dnt even knw d real story bhind boko haram bt u re dere blivin evryfyn u read..seek knowledge,ignorance is no defence!
So sad. RIP Ken Saro Wiwa and others. Abacha,how did you manage to sleep at nights when u were alive sef?
If the cans of worms of our past and present leaders should be burst open believe me we shall all be screaming for His second coming but what aches my heart dreadfully is that inspite of what has been made public so far some of these men still parades themselves as the messiahs of our time...
This is a sensitive case, you ode, always trying to crack a dead joke.....
I supported Abacha's Decision and I still support it. Ken Saro wiwa was the leader of the militant group in 1995. We all know how dealing with militants with kids gloves end up. See Boko Haram and Niger Delta militants and the havoc they wrecked on the Nation Nigeria. Yoou may not agree with his tactics, but Abacha remains one of the best leaders Nigeria ever had.
Anonymous 1:07 it is you that would be wiped out of existence.You need prayers honestly because you have a black heart and a wicked soul. May GOD help you
Anonymous 1:42 pls download n u will read d memoirs
Abacha was an insensitive dictator. Agreed! Abacha was power drunk and was excellent at scheming his way to getting what he wanted. True! Let's not forget that the Nigerian Naira was stable, and the economy tremenduosly improved during his regime. A lot of the roads within the FCT were constructed during his regime. Housing projects such Gwarinpa were all his initiatives. After Abacha died, the full housing capacity of the said Estate has not gone beyond where it was. I dint particularly like the man but if we're objective, we'll look back and realise that the Nigerian economy was looking good during his administration. Need I say more? Abacha isn't my role model and never will be but I think he did a lot for this country when he was HOS than GEJ will achieve in 2terms.
Linda where is my comment?
Why are u so full of hate? Can you hear your self? Can you read how much venom you spew with your words? People like you are what is wrong with nigeria.I believe there is something wrong deep down in your soul.you are deeply convinced that you are the righteous one.same way hitler was convinced dat destroying the jews was the right thing.same way the kkk believed the black race deserved to be destroyed.well we all know how that turned out.I believe most religions preach " judgement is for GOD" abacha is one man who happened to be from d north.and I hope u realise that the north is made up of both christians and muslims.
They r both dead,,dey shud settle it in hell nd am sure satan wud be using dia wrestling for entertainment purpose.Lolllzzzz...Dos same corrupt people occupy important positions 2day... Well,, i stil thank God for democracy.. God help Nigeria...MYRAYA SAYS SO
And suprisingly dis Justice Auta is a very loving dad to his children oh if u see hz daughters very beautiful. Always travellin out nd all nd quite humble one wuld tink dat he would still b a hard man at home I jus wonder hw d family copes knowin dat dier head approved d murder of an innocent man or maybe dey don't care
And to think most of the men mentioned above are still in the corridors of power in nigeria! All of them will die gruesome deaths like those they sentenced to an early grave, abacha, azazi & the others will surely follow the path of destruction they have created! God is punishing them already... So sad & angry right now
Luks lk u are either ignorant of wats Is going on in ND or u just an oppurtuned educated average thinking Nigerian, wat av we av a country gained frm the north the groundnut pyramids are gone and the only commodity available there is violence and death ,the ND av suffered and deserve to be heard and if u as a Nigerian can think lk dis am really sry for this country..
Anon 1:54pm you are a big fool! It is ur whole entire tribe and your generation dat abacha should have wiped out Asshole!
Anon 1:54pm you are a big fool! It is ur whole entire tribe and your generation dat abacha should have wiped out Asshole!
That is enough for u to knw he doesn't av a conscience.
I think i followed the story then, they brutally murdered some people who are fathers and Nigerians and they deserved to be killed . i don't know why we are always one sided
AZIZA AND AZAZI NA 2 DIFFERENT PERSONALITY
I remember reading Ken Saro Wiwa's novels when I was younger, the man had a wonderful sense of humour. To the people that killed them, you will reap the fruits of your labour. (My two cents)
You are a moron by dis ur statement.u need to b reborn. I wnt pray fr south or east to b wiped out, but jst ur family. Shege
@Anon 4:29pm. You really dnt knw wat u are saying. What ever he did that was good has been wiped out by his bad. And stop saying he is nt ur person becos for u to even admire someone's work, he is ur person. We d ogonis, are looking for a way to put all these behind us but its still difficult becos after Ken every other leader we've had are all after the financial benefit. Gone are those sorrowful days for us, now we rejoice despite all. Our ogoni day is on Jan 4th. Celebrate with us....
It is painful the way they were killed but the late head of state may have taken a wrong decision on executing them but from some of the few wrong decisions he took because of him been power drunk, let's not forget how safe our country was then . Our economy was stable and Naira far stronger then. We used to stay like one month in my area without power interruptions . Who born kidnappers and the likes of boko haram he will have since buried them as his method was shoot at site . Have we forgotten what these misgrants has done to most families ? People are live in fear in their fathers land. Foreign investors and tourist are terrified of our country. I will choose gen Abacha over two of Jonathan any time any day.....
May god continue to console the families of the late activist.....
Patrick Aziza is different from Owoye Azazi. Calm down and read properly.
anon 1:54pm i hope you know its their oil? and do u have any idea what corporate social responsibility is? i think if you really understand the struggle of d ogonis you wouldnt open ur mouth to utter such rubbish.
Abacha was just pure evil.
After d likes of Saro-Wiwa,Achebe,Soyinka,Fela, who is there to fight for our basic rights as Nigerians. its tooo sad that in ds generation, not 1 soul can open his mouth2condemn d mess we r in. I miss their bravery&true love for thier country. I LOVE U GUYS &all who figth,fought&died for speakin out.
Ignorant fool. Azazi and aziza are not the same name and they werent the same person.Azazi was not even a high ranking military officer at the time and neither was he a member of the PRC. Think before you speak. EF
Truth is,the person who made that decision was abacha. Who dares question him at the time? U can't even resign if u don't want to follow his path. I'd some of the people in that panel must have agreed under duress.we need to understand the dynamisms of dictatorship. Its solely a one man show who creates followership by force. All in all,I'd say rest in peace- ken sarowiwa.
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@anon 1:54, see ur smelling mouth like "wipe out that region". Sorry to insult u but u are very useless to dis generation and d 20th generation to come for altering such rubbish, so u better run into a high way. U think say wiping out a region is beans. Useless idiot that talks without knowledge. Goat....mtcheeeeeeew. Bari ah gbo o telu...m
Bloglord... You are a complete imbecile! Am sure you'll soon join them so you can be the new judge or referee in heaven.
Back to my wheels jare!
"I miss Abatcha honestly speaking. I will have him any day any time than GEJ, abatcha loved this country, he only travelled out once the whole time he was presisdent....The Naira was stable and there was peace and order..."
Please whoever sold you the weed you're high on spiked it with sand. Go and get your money back.Are you mad??? So because he did not travel he was a good President. He didn't travel but his country's money travelled to Switzerland for him. There was "peace and order" because he was executing people who spoke against corruption like they were flies so there was no one to complain. I don't even want to start insulting you and wasting my time. Your grammar says it all sef. Waka abeg,just keep walking... walk the hell out of this country and go and infect other countries with your ignorance. We have enough, thanks.
In your short-sighted stupidity,u failed to acknowledge that Gen.Buhari's name was not mentioned once in the whole story.Do u practice the act of ignorance or is it just one of the numerous defects u were born with?
General Abacha my ASS!!!
ABACHA is and was, an ANIMAL!!!...he does NOT deserve a single RESPECT!!!
But we NEED A MILITARY JUNTA in NIGERIA TODAY like ABACHA or IDIAGBON to deal with BOKO HARAM & KIDNAPPERS, and execute in a public firing squad some of these CORRUPT POLITICIANS starting from the TOP all the way down!
NIGERIA need a strong LEADER and not a weakling like GEJ!!
CORRUPTION IS DESTROYING OUR COUNTRY, NIGERIA!!!
@ Leerato: I meant what I said when I said he never was my role model. I am also from Niger Delta and I am fully aware of the injustices meted out on my people. All I am saying is that Abacha meant well for Nigeria but his power drunken nature kinda got in the way of a lot of things. A lot of things Abacha initiated that wld hv benefited d entire citizenry of this country have long been abandoned, and the funds embezzled. Thanks to the likes of ken saro wiwa who lost their lives, now we're being given what is due us but our leaders are not ready to utilise the monthly allocations. All I'm saying is be objective. As for those saying Niger Delta should be wiped off, u really dnt mean that. Let's not stop praying for Nigeria. GOD bless y'all.
Why not get your Boko Haram buddies to finish what abacha has started. Have u been to an oil producing community and seen d poverty going on there? And what leaders do we blame, are they not your brothers. It goes to show d kinda mentality you people have. Ofcourse its good since its not drilled near your backyard, spewing all sort of chemicals on your land, killing your very source of livelihood, filling ur lungs with disease cos if it did u'll be asking 4 100% profit.
Patrick Aziza.. . Not Azazi. Pls note
Abeg oga biafra hold ur evil agenda to urself we r talkin about ken saro wiwa the great activist not evil seperatist and besides u pple cannot even stay in d east 4 up to a month yet u kip disturbin us wit biafra park well joor nigeria has beta problems to deal wit
i was little wen all dis happened bt i can remember my dad was detained for weeks, was accused of editing documentaries that was sent abroad... I was so scared... Doz military men came into our house and turned d house upside down lookin for evidence bt didnt find any.. Thank God he was vindicated coz some of his cellmates were executed..
This is no longer a sensitive issue!.Its in the past and we should move on abeg,doesn't affect us or our futures anymore..some bullcrap!
Saro Wiwa himself fought against Biafra and wrote against Igbo domination. He demonstrated hatred for the Igbo. He is not innocent. This is where hatred gets you.
Ignorance! That's our prob, it's how we treat the civil war and everything in our past. Whether you like it or not, it does affect the future because the people who enter the future are a product of the past!
Comments confusing Aziza/ Azazi, people with short memories claiming a reign of terror with even his kids oppressing, killing and stealing was our best time make me ashamed to be Nigerian. Fools ruled by idiots.
Respect for what exactly?Plundering and looting the Treasury? Amassing ill gotten wealth and hiding it abroad? Hunh? The only difference between Abacha and Shina Rambo, Anini is the amount of money Abacha stole.
Booooriiiing!!!!!
Anon December 31, 2012 9:46 AM; spot on. However, he was my Dad's friend & i saw the soft side of him. His jokes were mega. On a personal level, he loved educated people.
it was indeed a sad episode in our history but nevertheless; we should remember that, Abacha might be dead, he has a family and also had children. we should learn to forgive and move on as, raining insults on the man will and has never changed any of the things and decisions he took at Head of state. just my take.
F. Canada
Where is the memo?Linda its a new year o ehen!
@Chikaka
I don't doubt that. Everyone has a soft side. Hitler and Stalin were loving husbands but that does not mean we shld ignore d fact that their live's work was motivated by hate. While people were running for their lives and hoping Biafra would give dem security, Saro Wiwa and Adaka Boro were more concerned that 'the Igbo want our precious oil'. What Abacha did was evil, but so was what Saro Wiwa did, the whole truth shld be told.
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